Food Forest Herb Plantings

This page is our team’s research into food forest herb plantings. It includes food forest herb plant pictures, descriptions, cultural considerations, planting guidelines, and links to additional information. For food forest creation information visit the Food Forest Open Source Hub. The Food Forest Open Source Hub is also where you can find the results of our research into complete purchasing details for all plants listed on this page. These food forest herb plantings could work elsewhere but were chosen primarily for USDA zone 7a-7b.

This page is divided into the following sections:

Specific Plants for Each Food Forest Section
Other Related Pages
Ways to Contribute to Evolving This
Food Forest Component Elements Overview and Planting Guidelines
Food Forest Herb Planting Specifics
Plant Providers Resource List (where to buy)
Summary
FAQ

CLICK IMAGES FOR PAGES WITH COMPLETE PLANT LISTS FOR THE OTHER SECTIONS

CLICK HERE FOR ALL THE PLANT PURCHASING RESEARCH

OTHER RELATED PAGES (click individual icons for complete pages)

WAYS TO CONTRIBUTE TO EVOLVING THIS SUSTAINABILITY COMPONENT WITH US

SUGGESTIONS ● CONSULTING ● MEMBERSHIP ● OTHER OPTIONS

FOOD FOREST ELEMENTS OVERVIEW

Our complete food forest includes a symbiotic cultivation of the following 8 key areas:
Canopy, Understory, Vines, Shrubs, Herbs, Groundcover, Root Crops, and Edge Plantings.

food forest, growing food, great food, natural food, open source food, One Community food, Canopy, Understory, Vines, Shrubs, Herbs, Groundcover, Root Crops, Edge Plantings, organic food, delicious food, botanical garden, grow your own food

CLICK IMAGE TO VISIT THE FOOD FOREST OPEN SOURCE HUB WITH MORE INFO

Listed below are descriptions of each of the food forest herb plants we will be growing. Where genera are listed, it indicates that more than one species of that genus would be useful. Individual species listings indicate that the species in question has attributes of interest that are unique to the species. Those listing with a (†) indicate that these entries may be marginally adaptable onsite, and should therefore be considered experimental.

A NOTE ON PLACEMENT SPECIFICS

Placing individual species in their appropriate locations will need wait until we are on the property. We are saving this decision process until we are onsite because of the complex matrix of plant needs that must take in the specifics of the different areas of the property for maximum benefit. This includes sun and shade requirements, cold hardiness, soil and drainage preferences, ultimate size of the plant, allelopathic considerations, winter shadows, proximity to buildings or other structures, etc. These things combine to make placement a nearly case-by-case decision. In an effort to maximize the stability, beauty, productivity and self replication of the ecosystem we hope to create, we will employ (and open source share) as many of these and other design criteria as possible in the development and placement of all plantings at One Community.

Food Forest Herb Planting Guide, One Community

CLICK THIS IMAGE TO LEARN ALL ABOUT FOOD FORESTS ON THE MAIN HUB PAGE

HERBS

Herbs are green plants characterized by little to no permanent woody branches. They are mainly or totally moist green tissues and may be annuals or perennials. Most do not exceed 3 feet in height, except for their flower stalks, which in some herbaceous species can seasonally shoot up to 2 or 3 times this. Here is the current list of planned herb species for the One Community food forest:

Abronia latifolia (Sand verbena)

Abronia latifolia is one of a genus of about 30 species in the Nyctaginaceae, native to the western U.S. and Mexico. They occur on dry, sandy well drained neutral to alkaline soils or dunes, often near the ocean or bodies of water. Several species are rare or endangered. The tuberous roots were eaten by many Native American tribes. The plant also has many reported medicinal uses.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow sand verbena in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants require full sun and are intolerant of shade
Sand verbena is drought tolerant once established
Seed germination is improved by removing the husk
The plants will grow in poor soils including saline soils
Plants can be grown from seed, division, or from stored tubers

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Divisions or dormant roots can be planted where they are to grow in spring after the last frost and watered in. Seed should have the husks removed and be sown in flats. Dibble into individual cells or pots once the second pair of leaves appear, and transplant out when they have established a full root system

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Abronia

Aciphylla glacialis (Mountain celery)

Aciphylla is a genus of 46 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to Australia and New Zealand. They are herbaceous dioecious perennials with tall flower spikes held above the stiff pointed leaves. The entire plant is aromatic and yields a resin used as chewing gum. The cooked roots are eaten, and the young fragrant shoots are steamed or added to soups. Aciphylla has medicinal uses.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Aciphylla in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants grow in sandy to loam soils
Aciphylla grows in acid to basic pH
Plants need good drainage in full sun
Plants can tolerate some drought once established
Both sexes must be grown together for seed production

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Seedlings should be started in the greenhouse and planted out after last frost. Plants should planted in groups of five or more to ensure a mix of male and female plants. Mulch and water in well; continue with regular irrigation until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Aciphylla

Acmadenia

Acmadenia is a genus of 33 species of shrubby perennials in the Rutaceae, native to the Cape region of South Africa. It is a delicate looking shrub with starry pink flowers and a sweet lemony scent when touched. They occur in a vegetation type known as fynbos, unique to South Africa, but somewhat analogous to the chaparral of western North America. The plant produces aromatic oils and is used medicinally.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Acmadenia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Acmadenia grow on alkaline to acid soils, depending on the species
Plants vary in hardiness, and it is unknown if they can be overwintered at the One Community site

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia -Acmadenia

Acorus (Calamus root)

Acorus is a genus of 6 species of monocots in the Acoraceae, native to North America and eastern Asia. They are wetland species with narrow, flat, erect leaves. All parts of the plant produce fragrant oils, and the leaves were used in Europe in the Middle Ages to spread on floors and drive away fleas. The rhizomes have been used medicinally by herbalists in Europe, Asia and North America.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow calamus root in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants grow at waters edge
Plant material sourcing is important for this species
Acorus can be cultivated as a garden plant if the soil is kept moist
The chemistry of the plant varies with the ploidy level of different populations

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Place the plants in moist to wet soils and mulch well. Keep soil moisture high until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Acorus

Adenophora communis (Ladybells, “Nan sha shen”- TCM)

Adenophora is a genus of 69 accepted species in the Campanulaceae, native to Asia. They are tuberous-rooted herbaceous perennials; mostly winter-deciduous. The basal leaves arise from the caudex on long petioles and the flowers are borne in cymes above the foliage. The fleshy roots are cooked and eaten like parsnips, and the dried roots have medicinal uses in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Adenophora in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Mulch is very beneficial
Plants are susceptible to slugs and snails
Adenophora prefer some summer watering
Adenophora grow in full sun to partial shade
Plants like peat soils or those high in organic matter

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Seeds may require stratification, or may take up to 3 months for germination in a cool (50F) greenhouse. Established seedlings or root divisions can be planted out in spring after last frost. Mulch and water in.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Adenophora

Alepidea (Iqwili, Ikhathazo)

Alepidea is a genus of 20 species in the Apiaceae, native to southern and eastern Africa. They are herbaceous perennials to 6 feet in height. The species are valued for medicinal uses, and over collection has endangered the plants survival. Studies have shown the plant is an effective antibacterial and antifungal, and is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, an inflammatory pathway.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Alepidea in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Cold stratification of the seed for 2-4 weeks at 5C is helpful
Seeds are erratic germinators, and this has been an obstacle to cultivation
It has been discovered that treatment with smoke greatly aids in germination

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Seeds should be started indoors and planted out after the last frost. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Alepidea

Allium sp. (Onion, Garlic, Leeks, Lamps, Scallions)

Allium is a large genus of approximately 750 species of monocotyledonous herbaceous perennials in the Amaryllidaceae, native mainly to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They include the onions, garlic, chives, and leeks. Hundreds of species have been used as food, but only a handful are commercially cultivated. They are important both as foods and for their medicinal properties.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Allium in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

They prefer full sun
Good drainage is required
Alliums grow in a wide range of soils and pH

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Mulch young transplants and irrigate deeply and infrequently.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Allium

Amoreuxia gonzalezii (Santa Rita Mountain yellowshow)

Amoreuxia gonzalezii is a herbaceous perennial variously placed in the Cochlospermaceae or Bixaceae endemic to a small region in southern Arizona. It is an endangered species. It grows in rocky soils to 1.5 feet in height. The plant has been an important food plant in the past to the Totonho O’odham, Pima and other cultures, who used all parts of the plant for food. Due to its rarity, it is no longer collected.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Amoreuxia gonzalezii in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plant is adapted to long hot dry seasons
Cold hardiness is unknown however microclimate selection should help at One Community

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Mulch is beneficial, and some supplemental water in the summer months.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Desert Survivors – Amoreuxia gonzalezii

Amoreuxia palmatifida (Mexican yellowshow) – tuber forming

Amoreuxia palmatifida is a herbaceous perennial variously placed in the Cochlospermaceae or Bixaceae. It is native to the Sonoran desert bioregion in northwestern Mexico, Arizona and New Mexico. This plant grows in rocky soils to 1.5 feet in height. The species has been an important food plant to the Seri, Totonho O’odham, Pima and other indigenous cultures, who used all parts of the plant for food.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Amoreuxia palmatifida in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plant is adapted to long hot dry seasons
Cold hardiness is not known with certainty
It should be possible at the One Community site with careful microclimate selection.

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Mulch is beneficial and some supplemental water in the summer months.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Desert Survivors – Amoreuxia palmatifida

Andrographis paniculata (Kalmehg, Hempedu Bumi)

Andrographis paniculata is an annual herb in the Acanthaceae, native to Asia. It grows from 1 to 3 feet in height. The plant has square stems and lanceolate leaves and the fruit is a capsule containing many seeds. The entire herb is an important plant in herbal medicine, used as an antiinflammatory and against lung infections. The plant contains andrographilide, a diterpenoid lactone.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Andrographis in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants prefer full sun
It is thought that growing the plant in poor soil increases the medicinal potency

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Andrographis paniculata

Anemarrhena asphodeloides (“Zhi mu”- TCM)

Anemarrhena is a monotypic genus in the Asparagaceae native to eastern Asia. It is an evergreen perennial 1.5 feet in height. The rhizomes are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat fever, control diabetes, assist with memory and learning, to improve renal function, and as an anti-inflammatory and antidepressant. It contains the known compounds mangiferin and sarsasapogenin.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Anemarrhena in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Anemarrhena grow in full sun to partial shade
The plant grows in neutral to acid pH on most soils

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikpedia – Anemarrhena asphodeloides

Anemopsis californica (Yerba mansa)

Anemopsis californica is a species of herbaceous perennial in the Saururaceae, native to the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico. The plant is a low growing herb to 1 foot; growing on land that is seasonally inundated, such as vernal pools. The plant arises from stoloniferous roots that are valued medicinally against cold and coughs, and possess antibacterial and antifungal properties.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow yerba mansa in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Seed germination is erratic
Yerba mansa is quite drought tolerant
The plant can grow for several days in standing water
Severing the stolons can result in almost pure stands and colonization

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Anemopsis

Angelica spp. (“Dang gui”- TCM)

Angelica is a genus of approximately 60 species of biennial and perennial aromatic herbs in the Apiaceae to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The plants grow 3 to 9 feet in height, and bear umbels of flowers above the foliage. These are very attractive to pollinators of many types. The underground parts of many species are used medicinally, and are candied as a treat or used to flavor food and liqueurs.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Angelica in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Some summer moisture is beneficial
The plants prefer a fertile well drained soil
Angelica will tolerate some drought once established

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Angelica

Anredera spp. (New Zealand spinach)

Anredera is a genus of 10 or 11 species in the Basellaceae, native to the Neotropics in seasonally dry scrubland. They are evergreen vines that grow from underground tubers; they also produce aerial tubers along the stems, which drop off to form new plants. The leaves and tubers are edible, and Anredera cordifolia, called “New Zealand spinach” is cultivated as a heat- tolerant replacement for spinach.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Anredera in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

If killed by frost, they will return from the tubers
They plants are of easy care in warm moist climates, often becoming weedy

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Tubers or small plants can be set out at the beginning of the growing season. They should be mulched and watered in well. Regular irrigation will speed growth during the summer months.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Anredera

Annesorhiza capensis (Anyswortel)

Annesorhiza is a genus of 15 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to South Africa. They are herbaceous biennials or perennials 1 to 4.5 feet in height. The leaves are compound, incised or divided, pinnatifid or pinnatisect, with flowers in umbels above the foliage. Anyswortel have fleshy tuberous roots which have been collected by indigenous people for food, and are used medicinally.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Annesorrhiza in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Supplemental irrigation increases root size
Cultivation produces sweeter flavored roots
The plants are drought hardy once established
Plants are propagated from seed or root division
Wild plants have high levels of resinous compounds

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Small plants or divisions can be planted out in spring after last frost. They should be mulched and watered in. Water when dry. Once established the plants need little care.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Annesorhiza

Antigonon leptopus (Corallita, Mexican creeper)

Antigonon leptopus is a species of vining plant in the Polygonaceae native to Baja California and other parts of Mexico. It is a vine to 30-40 feet, arising from large tubers. These are edible when roasted and said to taste like chestnuts. The seeds were an important food for the indigenous people of Baja, who toasted them in baskets with hot coals and ate them like popcorn, or ground them into meal.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Antigonon in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plant withstands very dry conditions
Vines are vigorous and can smother other plants
If the above-ground vines are killed, the plant can re-sprout from the tubers

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants can be planted out during the warm season and watered in well. They benefit from supplemental water during the summer, but it is not necessary.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Antigonon_leptopus

Arracacia xanthorrhiza (Arracacha)

Arracacia is a genus of 39 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to North and South America. They are herbaceous perennials arising from fleshy tuberous roots. Arracacia xanthorrhiza has been cultivated in the Andes for centuries and was a staple food there together with potatoes, oca, and other root crops. The stems are eaten raw or steamed and the leaves fed to livestock.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow arracacha in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants need a long growing season
The plant withstands some drought
Roots must be cooked like potatoes
Plants need less fertility than potatoes
Harvested root must be used within a week
Plants are susceptible to viruses which slow growth
Tubers have high levels of carotenoids and vitamins
Arracacia is adapted to cool high altitude conditions
Tubers must be harvested when mature or they become woody
Planting is done from tuber pieces of tuber, similar to potatoes

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Tuber pieces can be planted out after last frost. Water once and wait for the appearance of shoots before beginning regular watering.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Arracacia_xanthorrhiza

Asparagus spp. (Asparagus, Shatavari)

Asparagus is a genus of 209 accepted species in the Asparagaceae, native to the Old World, particularly Africa. They are herbaceous perennials growing 3 to 5 feet in height during the growing season. The spring shoots are a popular vegetable, and rhizomes are valued for their medicinal properties in TCM. They are an excellent source of many vitamins, carotenes, and minerals.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Asparagus in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Asparagus is propagated in “crowns”
They are planted in well-worked beds in spring
Crowns or rhizomes, or are allowed to build food reserves
They are allowed to grow freely for two or three years before taking any harvest
Shoots can be cut every spring thereafter; beds can produce for twenty years or more

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plant crowns into a well drained soil that has had compost or well rotted animal manure turned in the previous season. Cover crown with 6 inches of soil and water in. Shoots will appear in spring.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia -Asparagus

Asphodeline lutea (King’s spear, Asphodel)

Asphodeline is a genus of 19 accepted species in the Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to the Mediterranean and western Asia. Asphodeline lutea is a herbaceous perennial to 4 feet in height. The fragrant yellow flowers or borne on upright spikes. The roots are roasted and eaten and the flowers are added to salads. Young shoots are cooked and eaten like asparagus, and were once a popular vegetable in Europe.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow asphodel in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Propagation is by seed or division
The plant grows in most soil types
Asphodel grows in sun to light shade
Production is best with some summer water
Plants are drought tolerant once established

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Small plants or divisions may planted in spring after last frost. Mulch and water in. Maintain regular irrigation until plants establish. Do not overwater.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Asphodeline_lutea

Aster sp. (Aster, Goldilocks)

Aster is a genus of 180 species in the Asteraceae, native to Eurasia. They are herbaceous, daisy-like perennials ranging from 8 inches to 8 feet in height. The showy, starry-shaped flowers may be red, pink, purple, or white, and are a good pollen source for bees. Some species are used for their medicinal properties. Many species and a variety of hybrids are popular as garden plants because of their attractive flowers.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Aster in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants can also be propagated from division
Seed germination is uneven, so it is best to start seeds indoors early
They grow in full sun to partial shade, and in a wide range of soils and pH

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Aster

Astragalus (“Huang qi”- TCM)

Astragalus is a large genus of approximately 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs in the Fabaceae, native to the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Various species yield gum tragacanth, and some are used as herbal medicines. A few, known as “locoweeds” are toxic to livestock, but many more are valuable forage plants. The plants fix nitrogen, and can be useful rangeland improvement species.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Astragalus in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Once established they are fairly carefree
Astragalus generally prefer dry sandy soils
If harvesting the root for medicinal uses, wait until at least the third year

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia -Astragalus

Atractylodes sp. (“Cang Zhu”-TCM)

Atractylodes is a genus of 8 species in the Asteraceae, native to Asia. They are large herbaceous perennials reaching 6 feet in height. The dried roots are an important herb in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), used as a hepatoprotectant, increasing gastric motility, improving immune function, stimulating appetite, etc. It is one of the eight most important medicinal plants in TCM.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Atractylodes in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants require full sun and well drained soil
Plants are usually harvested for their roots in the second or third year

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Atractylodes

Azorella compacta (Yareta)

Azorella is a genus of 29 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to high elevations in the Andes Mountains. Yareta is a xerophytic, slow growing mat-forming perennial growing at 10,000 to 14,000 feet elevation. These plants can live for 3,000 years. They are resinous and make a valuable fuel, and are also used medicinally. Azorella are endangered by over harvesting by local mining companies.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow yareta in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants require full sun and are shade intolerant
Yareta will grow in a wide range of soils and pH
Seeds require stratification and germination rates are low
Cultivation of the plant outside its native area is not known
The OC site is at a lower elevation but higher latitude and is experimental

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Seedlings should be planted in a free draining location in full sun in the fall in order to allow the plant one cool season to establish. Plant should be watered sparingly at first; once established no further irrigation should be necessary.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Yareta

Bacopa (Water Hyssop, Moneywort)

Bacopa is a genus of approximately 100 species of amphibious or aquatic plants in the Plantaginaceae, mainly native to subtropical to tropical areas of the Americas. They are herbaceous annuals or perennials. The aquatic species are popular aquarium plants. One species, B. monnieri, is used in Ayurvedic medicine. In vivo tests have shown regular administration enhances memory.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Bacopa in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants need full sun
Bacopa require constant moisture if not in standing water

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Bacopa can be placed in wet soil after the last frost. Soil should be kept constantly moist. The plant will not withstand frost, and should be treated as an annual at the One Community site.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Bacopa

Balsamorhiza spp. (Balsamroot)

Balsamorhiza is a genus of 14 accepted species in the Asteraceae, native to western North America. They are herbaceous winter or drought-deciduous perennials to 2 feet in height, arising from tuberous roots. The roots are edible and an important resource to many Native American people. The above ground portion is also edible, with a resinous taste that may be too strong for some. The resin is used medicinally.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow balsam root in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants establish over a period of years
Plants require little care once established
The young sprouting shoots in spring can be eaten raw
Older roots get woody; these are best used medicinally
Balsamroot will be hardy at the One Community property
Plants are propagated from seed or from dormant root pieces

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Young seedlings can be planted out after last frost. Alternately, pieces of dormant root can be planted in early spring. Mulch is beneficial. Plants need little if any fertilizer.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Balsamorhiza

Bongardia chrysogonum

Bongardia is a genus of 2 accepted species in the Berberidaceae, native to north Africa and western Asia. It is a herbaceous perennial with pinnate leaves and a large spherical tuber. Both the leaves and tubers are edible, and are said to taste like lemons. The plant is used medicinally to treat epilepsy in the folk medicine of Jordan, and analysis has discovered several active compounds.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Bongardia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Propagation is by seed
Bongardia is highly drought tolerant
Plants are intolerant of wet conditions
Plants need a porous well-drained soil
The species requires a hot dry summer
The plant is rare; conservation is needed
Bongardia is hardy, overwintering under snow

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Young plants should be planted in spring after last frost. Water in after planting and do not water again until soil is dry. Once new growth commences irrigation can be suspended.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Bongardia

Brachistus spp.

Brachistus is a genus of 6 accepted species in the Solanaceae, native to Latin America. They are herbaceous perennial shrubs to 3 feet in height, with greenish-brown to purple flowers in upright fascicles, and globose berry fruit. The genus was combined with Witheringia, but later resurrected. Older descriptions mention edible tubers, but modern literature does not. The plant produces medicinal compounds.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Brachistus in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Propagation is by seed or cuttings
The plants may not be hardy on site
Plants should regrow from the tubers
Plants prefer organic matter and mulch
Brachistus grows in sun to partial shade

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plant in spring after last frost. Mulch and water in well. Continue regular watering until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ThePlantList.org – Brachistus

Brachystelma glabriflorum (Bawujin)

Brachystelma is a genus of 150 accepted species in the Apocynaceae or Asclepiadoideae, native to S.E. Asia, South Africa, and Australasia. They are succulent perennials arising from an underground tuber or caudex. Bawujin are found in arid to semi-arid regions and are important food resources for many tribes in these regions. The tubers can also be used as an emergency water source and are medicinal.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Brachystelma in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants are highly drought tolerant
Brachystelma needs little or no fertilizer
Tubers are best harvested after the rainy season
The above ground plant may die back but can re-sprout
Brachystelma has a dormant period and must not be watered

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Seedlings can be planted out in spring after last frost. Water in after a week and then water monthly for the first summer. Do not water in winter. After the first year the plants should require no more care.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Brachystelma

Bunium (Earth chestnut)

Bunium is a genus of 50 species of herbaceous perennials in the Apiaceae, native to Eurasia. They are herbs 1 to 3 feet in height, arising from taproots or small tubers. These plants are edible and were commonly cultivated as food in the Middle Ages before being superseded by the potato. The seeds of some Bunium species are also used as spices, and the leaves as strong-flavored greens.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Bunium in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants grow in any garden soils
Organic matter is beneficial, as well as supplemental water during hot dry weather

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Bunium bulbocastanum

Bupleurum (“Chai hu”- TCM)

Bupleurum is a genus of 195 species in the Apiaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are annual or perennial herbs or occasionally woody shrubs, bearing umbels of flowers above the foliage of simple, entire leaves. Many species have a history of medicinal use against coughs, inflammation, fever, and as a hepatoprotectant. The plants produce compounds called saikosaponins.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Bupleurum in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Mulch to conserve moisture
The plants do not seem to require rich soil or much fertilizer, if any
The plants should be set out when small to encourage deep rooting

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Bupleurum should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia -Bupleurum

Caiophora spp. (Ortiguilla)

Caiophora is a genus of 43 accepted species in the Loasaceae, native to high elevations in the Andes. They are herbaceous perennials ranging from several inches to 6 feet in height with large showy white, orange, or red 5-petaled flowers held below the foliage. The plants are covered in stinging trichomes like nettles; the Spanish name means “little nettle”. Some species are used medicinally.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Caiophora in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants need fast drainage
Caiophora need little to no fertilizer
Caiophora are very drought tolerant
Some species prefer partial shade, others full sun
Depending on species, they withstand light frosts to persistent snows

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be planted out after last frost. Water in once, and then restrict water, only irrigating when plant show signs of water stress.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Caiphora

Campanula (“Yuan ye feng ling cao”- TCM)

Campanula is a genus of approximately 500 species in the Campanulaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are annual, biennial, or perennial plants ranging from small alpine creepers to robust species to 6 feet. Some species, such as Campanula rapunculus, have edible leaves and roots that were a popular vegetable in Europe hundreds of years ago.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Campanula in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Campanula will generally grow in any good garden soil
They are subject to the larva of several Lepidoptera insects

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia -Campanula

Canna (Canna Lily)

Canna is a genus of 19 species in the Cannaceae. It is the sole genus in that family, native to the warm parts of the New World. They are herbaceous perennials, dying back to the rhizomes in colder climates. Cultivated extensively as a food crop by the Andean civilizations, the rhizomes are a starchy vegetable, and the young shoots are eaten as greens.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Canna in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Cannas should be planted in a sunny spot sheltered from wind
They like warmth, moisture and fertility during the growing season

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear. When growth dies down in fall, top up mulch to overwinter and stop water until spring growth appears.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Canna

Centropogon spp.

Centropogon is a genus of 215 accepted species in the Campanulaceae, native to montane forests in South America, especially Ecuador. They are herbaceous perennials 1 to 3 feet in height. Many are highly endemic and are considered endangered. The genus is closely allied with Lobelia, and likely has similar medicinal uses. Centropogon are important food sources for hummingbirds.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Centropogon in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants need regular watering
Plants are started from seed or cuttings
Centropogon likes soils high in organic matter
The plants prefer partial shade to part day sun
Centropogon does best with some light feedings

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be planted into a well worked soil high in organic matter in spring after last frost. Mulch and water regularly. Protect from drying winds.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Centropogon

Cephalaria (Scabious)

Cephalaria is a genus of approximately 65 species of herbaceous annual or perennials variously placed in the Dipsacaceae or Caprifoliaceae, native to Eurasia and Africa. They range from 2 to 6 feet in height. The plants produce triterpene saponins, and are used medicinally. They are cultivated in gardens for their ornamental use as large flowering borders. They have naturalized in parts of New England.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Cephalaria in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants grow in full sun or partial shade
They like moist soil but require good drainage
Cephalaria are adaptable to soils from alkaline to acid

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Cephalaria

Claytonia (Miner’s lettuce)

Claytonia is a genus of 26 species of herbaceous annual and perennial plants in the Montiaceae, mainly native to North America. One species, Claytonia perfoliata, became known as “miner’s lettuce” because it was an important source of green to California gold miners. The leaves are high in Vitamin C, and can help to prevent scurvy, but the older plants can also accumulate oxalates and become astringent.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Claytonia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants grow best in cool spring weather
The best wild stands are found in moist shady sites
In cultivation they should be grown in a compost enriched soil in partial shade

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants can be set out in early spring as soon as the last frost is over. Mulch to conserve moisture, and do not allow the plants to dry out completely.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Claytonia

Codonopsis spp. (“Dang shen”-TCM)

Codonopsis is a genus of 55 species of herbaceous perennial in the Campanulaceae, native to eastern Asia. They are generally 1-2 feet tall, and spread out to 6 feet wide, often by twining stems. The showy bell-shaped flowers have caused the plant to become widely planted in Europe and the U.S. as an ornamental. The carrot-like roots are eaten, and are a valued tonic herb in TCM.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Codonopsis in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Codonopsis benefit from mulch
In hot dry climates the plants do best in partial shade
They benefit from supplemental irrigation during the summer months

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Codonopsis

Cyanotis (“Zhen zhu lu shui cao”- TCM)

Cyanotis is a genus of approximately 60 species of annual or perennial plants in the Commelinaceae, native mainly to Africa, but also Australia and Asia. They are low sprawling herbaceous perennials. Several are used in herbal medicine, and studies have shown that the plants produce a number of sterols. These compounds maybe useful as insect repellants or anti-feeding compounds, similar to the neem tree.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Cyanotis in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Cyanotis prefer a sunny location on dry sandy soil
These plants benefit from water during the summer
May require some winter protection at the One Community site

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Irrigate sparingly until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Cyanotis

Dahlia spp. (Chichipatl, Cocoxochitl)

Dahlia is a genus of 36 species of bushy tuberous herbaceous perennials in the Asteraceae, native from Mexico to Colombia. They have been cultivated for centuries, as they were favorite flowers of the Aztecs and other pre-Columbian civilizations. The starchy tubers were used as a vegetable or dried and made into flour. The Mesoamerican cultures also used the plant medicinally.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Dahlia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants in colder climates should be mulched heavily in fall to keep the tuber from freezing

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be mulch and watered in well. Supplemental water during the growing season is beneficial.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Dahlia

Echinacea sp. (Kansas snakeroot, Purple coneflower)

Echinacea is a genus of 9 species of herbaceous perennial in the Asteraceae, native to eastern North America. The roots of the plant, and to a lesser extent the above-ground portion, have been used for centuries as a general tonic and immune system stimulant. Chemical analysis has shown three compound groups – phenols, alkamides and polysaccharides – that may explain the medicinal action of Echinacea.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Echinacea in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Echinacea requires well drained soil
The plants die back to the root each fall
The plants are drought tolerant once established, due to the deep tap roots

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Echinacea

Enchylaena tomentosa (Ruby saltbush)

Enchylaena is a genus of 2 accepted species variously placed in the Amaranthaceae or Chenopodiaceae, native to Australia. They are perennial shrubs to 3 feet in height, occurring on saline or alkaline soils or coastal sand dunes. The ripe berries are eaten and were an important resource to many aboriginal tribes. There is renewed interest in the species as a potential crop for salted soils.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow ruby saltbush in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants need full sun
The plant grows on poor soil
Enchylaena needs good drainage
The plant is drought tolerant once established
The plants are propagated by seed or cuttings

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Young plants can be planted out in spring after last frost. The should be mulched and watered in well. Continue deep infrequent irrigation until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Enchylaena

Ephedra spp. (Mormon tea, Teamsters tea, “Ma huang”- TCM)

Ephedra is a genus of approximately 50 species of dioecious gymnosperm shrubs in the Ephedraceae, native to arid regions of the Northern Hemisphere and South America. They are evergreen herbs to 3 feet in height. The fruits are edible although bland, and the seeds are eaten after parching, and roasted as a coffee substitute. The herb is used medicinally to treat asthma and urinary infections.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Ephedra in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants are drought tolerant
If grown for the fruit and seed, male and female plants must be present

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Infrequent deep irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Ephedra

Ferula (Asafoetida)

Ferula is a genus of approximately 170 species of herbaceous perennials in the Apiaceae, native to temperate zones of the Mediterranean to central Asia. They are robust upright stalked herbs 3 to 12 feet in height, with yellow flowers in umbels above the foliage. The plants yield resins or gums from the roots which are used as spices such as asafoetida and galbanum. Many species are used for medicinal purposes.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Ferula in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

They require good drainage
They are not particular to soil types
Plants grow in Mediterranean climates, so should be drought tolerant

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Deep infrequent irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Ferula

Gahnia spp. (Saw sedge)

Gahnia is a genus of 40 species of tussock-forming sedges in the Cyperaceae, native mainly to Australasia. They are strap-leaved herbaceous perennials from 4 to 10 feet in height. The flowers are borne in long upright panicles above the foliage. The seeds are a nutlet ripening from red-brown to black. The ground seeds were eaten by aboriginal people, and the tender inner leaf bases are used as a vegetable.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Gahnia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

They tolerate a wide range of soil types and pH
Seed germination is slow, often taking 12 months
Plants grow in seasonally inundated wetlands, but can stand considerable drought

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be mulched and watered well. Regular irrigation is beneficial until the plants establish.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Gahnia

Glycine tabacina (Pea glycine, Slender sweetroot)

Glycine tabacina is a perennial species in the Fabaceae, native to Australia. It is a twining plant growing in grasslands in semi-arid to high rainfall regions, and is related to soybean, Glycine max. The plants fix nitrogen and are palatable forage for wildlife and livestock. The young tuberous roots were eaten by aboriginal people; older roots become woody, but were chewed for their licorice-like taste.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Glycine tabacina in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Rhizobium inoculation is beneficial
Seeds germinate best after hot water treatment
They can be direct seeded, or sprouted in the nursery

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be seeded or transplanted after last frost. Once plants are growing, mulch and give occasional deep watering.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Glycine tabacina

Helianthus annuum (Sunflower)

Helianthus annuum is a species of sunflower native to eastern North America. It is a robust branching perennial from 2 to 8 feet in height, belonging to the Asteraceae. It produces an edible seed, which are eaten or pressed for oil. These were gathered by many eastern tribes. The species has been widely cultivated in the former Soviet Union as a food and primary oilseed crop.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow sunflower in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

In arid climates mulch is beneficial
The tall stems can support some vine crops
Plants do best in soils high in organic matter
Sunflowers produce large amounts of biomass
Sunflowers prefer well drained soils in full sun

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Sunflowers can be direct-seeded or transplanted after the last frost date. They should be planted into well-worked soil enriched with organic matter. They should be watered in well; irrigation should continue at intervals during the growth and flower initiation phases. Water can be reduced in the autumn.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Sunflower

Hemerocallis (Daylily)

Hemerocallis is a genus of 18 species of herbaceous perennials in the Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Eurasia. They are common garden plants, widely grown for their showy flowers, their adaptability to a wide range of climates/conditions, and their ease of culture. The flowers and flower buds of some species are a vegetable in Asia, eaten in soups and stir-frys. Young leaves and rhizomes are also eaten.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Hemerocallis in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants grow in any garden soils
Some supplemental water is beneficial in hot dry summers

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Daylily

Heracleum spp. (Cow parsnip)

Heracleum is a genus of 74 accepted species in the Apiaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are robust herbaceous perennials to 6 feet in height. Cow parsnip is edible and was once a staple in Slavic countries. The young stems are cooked; older stems are peeled first. The leaves are lacto-fermented in brine, the seeds are used as a spice, and the roots are edible. The plant has many medicinal uses.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow cow parsnip in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Plants grow in partial shade to full sun
Plants will be hardy at the One Community property
The plants grow in most soil with a wide range of pH
Propagation is by seed sown in spring or root division in fall
Heracleum contains furocoumarins that can irritate the skin of some people

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Young seedlings can be planted out after last frost. Alternately, pieces of dormant root can be planted in early spring. Mulch is beneficial. Plants need little if any fertilizer.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Heracleum_plant

Ipomoea (Morning Glory, Sweet Potato)

Ipomea is a genus of approximately 500 species in the Convolvulaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions worldwide. They are twining annual or perennial vines with distinctive trumpet shaped flowers. Many important economic species belong to this genus including the sweet potato, water spinach, etc. Many of the species also have medicinal uses.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Ipomea in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The vines will tolerate some drought and soils of low fertility
The vines like warm sunny sheltered conditions and a free draining soil
They generally need a long growing season, so starting the plants indoors may be necessary

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Set plants out as soon as the last frost date is past. Irrigate deeply and infrequently. Mulch is beneficial.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Ipomoea

Lablab purpureus (Hyacinth Bean)

Lablab purpureus is a monotypic genus in the Fabaceae, native to Africa. It is an ornamental twining vine with purple-tinged, trifoliate leaves, and is an annual or short lived perennial. Hyacinth Bean is cultivated worldwide for a green manure crop, soil improvement, and its edible leaves, flowers and seeds. The seeds are popular in curries in India, and with bananas in Africa.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lablab in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

A trellis or some support may be beneficial
The vines may be grown in the same manner as the common bean
The plants fix nitrogen and can be grown as intercrop with other vegetables
The seeds must be thoroughly cooked to eliminate traces of cyanogenic glycosides

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants can be direct seeded, or set out as transplants in any average garden soil. They should be mulched and irrigated to aid establishment.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Lablab purpureus

Lagochilus sp (Turkestan mint)

Lagochilus is a genus of 34 species in the Lamiaceae, native to central Asia. They are subshrubs to 2 feet with white to pink flowers. The herb is used medicinally as a styptic, hypotensive, sedative and adaptogenic. Studies in Russia showed that the plant extract improved resistance to hypothermia in an ice bath test. Turkestan mint’s use as a styptic is due to its Vitamin K content, and tannins.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lagochilus in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Good drainage is important
Turkestan mint requires full sun
The plant grows on rocky slopes, in poor dry soils

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Deep irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Lagochilus

Lampayo officinalis (Lampayo)

Lampayo is a genus of 3 accepted species in the Verbenaceae, native to Chile and Argentina. They are xerophytic shrubs to 3 feet in height with thick grey-green leaves and upright pale lavender tubular flowers enclosed in a prominent calyx. The dried leaves are used to treat digestive and genito-urinary ailments, and the leave are burned and the smoke inhaled as a sedative and anaesthetic.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lampayo in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plant is tolerant of full sun
Lampayo is extremely drought tolerant
The plant is propagated from seed or cuttings
The species is near it’s climatic limit at the OC site and is experimental
The species occurs at altitudes above 3800 meters (approx 12,000 feet)

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Seedlings or rooted cuttings should be planted into fast-draining sandy soil in spring after last frost. Water in when planting and follow with occasional water until the plant is established, after which no further irrigation should be necessary.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Lamapayo-officinalis

Lepidosperma gladiatum (Coastal sword sedge)

Lepidosperma is a genus of 66 accepted species in the Cyperaceae native to Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. L. gladiatum grows along the coast of Australia as a clumping perennial sedge to 3 feet in height with flat strap-like leaves. The flowers are in clusters. brown, held above the foliage. The flat leaves are used for weaving and cordage, and the tender white leaf bases are eaten.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lepidosperma in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Seeds are difficult to germinate
The plant grows in many soil types
Plants can withstand drought once established
Division of the clumps is possible but may be fatal
Newly divided plants must be kept moist for 3 months
The clumps should only be divided while actively growing

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Well-rooted divisions or seed-grown plants should be planted out at the beginning of the growing season, and kept continuously moist for the first few months. Mulch is very beneficial.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

See book: “Coastal Plants: A Guide to the Identification and Restoration of Plants of the Perth Region” Kingsley Dixon

Wikipedia – Lepidosperma_gladiatum

Lepironia articulata (Grey rush)

Lepironia is a monotypic genus in the Cyperaceae, native to Australia, Malaysia and Madagascar. The grey green stems arise directly from the rhizomes and grow to 6 feet. The plant is found in wetlands and along watercourses. The flowers are spikes, borne near the tips of the stems. The stems are woven into mats in S.E. Asia. The fibrous underground stems have been cooked and eaten.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lepironia articulata in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Lepironia is a wetland species and needs constantly moist soil

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plant should be placed into a moist location and can be left to establish.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Lepironia

Lewisia (Bitterroot)

Lewisia is a genus of 19 species of herbaceous perennials in the Portulaceae, native to western North America. The genus is named after Meriwether Lewis, who observed native American tribes using the roots as food. They also used the plant to treat sore throats. Bitterroot occurs on the north facing slopes of mountains- in cooler and more moist microclimates than are found in open areas.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lewisia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Bitterroot prefers partial shade to full sun depending on the site
Plants are often found growing in cracks in rocky outcrops, where there is more moisture

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Infrequent deep irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Lewisia

Ligusticum sp. (Osha, Scots lovage, “Chuanxiong”- TCM)

Ligusticum is a genus of approximately 25 species of herbaceous perennials in the Apiaceae, native to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They include species used as potherbs and spices e.g. Scots lovage (L. scoticum). Other species are important medicinal plants in their respective regions- osha (L porteri) in western North America and chuanxiong (L. wallichii) in China.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Ligusticum in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

If harvesting for roots, wait until dormant
The seeds of many species of Ligusticum are difficult to germinate
If some root pieces are left behind, a permanent bed can be established
Stratification, smoke treatment, and growth hormones should all be tried
Once germination is achieved, seedlings can be planted in any well drained soil

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear. Reduce water in midsummer, and allow plant to become dormant.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Ligusticum

Lobelia spp. (“Ban bian lian”- TCM)

Lobelia is a genus of approximately 400 species in either the Campanulaceae or Lobeliaceae, native to tropical to warm temperate climates worldwide. They are herbaceous perennials that are often cultivated as garden ornamentals. Various species around the world have been used for medicinal purposes, including relief of asthma (as a purgative), and to halt the craving for tobacco.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lobelia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Lobelia prefer a moist soil with organic matter
Mulch is beneficial, and supplemental water in the summer months

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Lobelia

Lomandra longifolia (Spiny-head mat rush)

Lomandra longifolia is a herbaceous dioecious perennial variously placed in the Xanthorrhoeaceae, Laxmanniaceae, Dasypogonaceae, and now Lomandraceae. The plant is comprised of strap-like leaves arising from the rhizomes. The leaves were used by the aboriginal people for weaving, and the inner leaf bases are eaten as a vegetable. The seeds are also ground as a cereal.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Lomandra in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Lomandra longifolia grow in partial shade or full sun
They withstand some cold and drought once established
The plants are widely adaptable growing on alkaline to acid soils

PLANTING GUIDELINES

The small plants should be planted and mulched to conserve moisture. Supplemental irrigation is beneficial when plants are young.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Lomandra_longifolia

Melissa (Lemon balm)

Melissa is a genus of 5 species of herbaceous perennials in the Lamiaceae, native to Eurasia. The name “melissa” comes from the Latin word for honey, as the plants abundant nectar has been associated with beekeeping since ancient times. The foliage emits a lemon scent when bruised; one of the plants common names is “lemon balm”. It has been used in herbal medicine in Europe for centuries.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Melissa in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Lemon balm need good drainage, but are not particular about soil
The plant grows in full sun to partial shade in hot summer climates
In dry summer climates, some supplemental water may be necessary

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Plants should be thoroughly mulched after planting and watered in well. Regular irrigation should continue until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Melissa (plant)

Microseris spp. (Yam daisy)

Microseris is a genus of approximately 14 species of herbaceous perennials in the Asteraceae, widely distributed on most continents. Some of the Australian species have tuberous roots, which were an important food of the aboriginal people. Introduced livestock has nearly eradicated the plants. The tubers were formerly collected and roasted in earthen pits, and were said to have the taste of coconut.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Microseris in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

The plants can withstand drought as they are dormant for much of the dry season

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Young transplants should be mulched and watered in well. Infrequent deep irrigation while the plant is actively growing should be sufficient. Do not water while dormant.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Microseris

Mondia whytei† (Mudondo, White’s ginger)

Mondia whitei is a vining species in the Apocynaceae, native to southern Africa. This plant is endangered due to the overharvesting of the plant for medicinal uses. It is a robust climber arising from a tuberous rootstock; older stems become woody, and all parts yield a milky latex when injured. The rootstock has a licorice-vanilla flavor and is used as a food flavoring, and for many medicinal uses.

PLACEMENTS

We will grow Mondia in any suitable location.*

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Mondia are shade loving
The plants are adaptable to climates with a dry season
The plant will be considered experimental at the One community site
Since the plant is from a warmer climate than the One Community site it may not adapt

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Seedlings or divisions are planted out in spring after last frost. Mulch and water in. Provide infrequent deep irrigation until signs of new growth appear.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Wikipedia – Zygophyllum

CLICK IMAGES FOR PAGES WITH COMPLETE PLANT LISTS FOR THE OTHER SECTIONS

WHERE TO PURCHASE ALL PLANTS

Here are the results of our research for purchasing all food forest and outdoor plants. Unlike everything we will be growing in the aquapini and walipini structures and large-scale garden, we did not price out each individual plant listed here because we wish to wait for the specific planting plan that will be developed throughout the first year of the living on the property; a planting plan that may evolve this list significantly. We did, however, complete sufficient research so that anyone wishing to purchase any of the plants currently listed above will can do so.

We use the following key for all of the plant providers listed below. To jump directly to what you seek, use your browser’s Find Function and remember to put the parenthesis around the letter code for the category you are looking for. Here are the abbreviations with short descriptions of all the categories you will find:

(A) = APPLES

Apples will be an important component of One Community’s Food Forest. We will work to achieve maximum diversity of this important fruit. Any provider listed with an “(A)” is a good source to support anyone interested in growing a diversity of apples.

(B) = BIODIVERISTY

Websites listed with “(B)” are sources of plants that are of interest to our open source Botanical Garden model and the preservation of biodiversity. Look to these sources if you are interested in the preservation of biodiversity too.

(Bb) = BAMBOO

Bamboo has a broad diversity of uses. Any providers listed with a “(Bb)” offer bamboo plants.

(G) = GARLIC

Garlic is food, medicine, flavoring…an essential plant to any community. Mmmm…garlic!

(M) = MEDICINAL

Websites listed with “(M)” are sources of plant with a history of medicinal use.

(O) = ORCHARD

“(O)” providers are website sources of fruits that will be cultivated in mixed polyculture orchards at One Community.

(Tp) = TROPICALS

Providers listed with a “(TP)” provide plants that, in our case, will be limited to the Aquapini/Walapini/Zenapini structures. They may be fruit, medicinal, culinary, etc.

(Tr) – TREES

“(Tr)” providers supply trees for Community forest plantings.

(V) = VEGETABLES

Providers listed with a “(V)” are sites and sources of seeds and plants that will be grown in the community’s food gardens.

(W) = WILD FOODS

Providers listed with a “(W)” are website sources of plant that will be components of Zone 3 and beyond; food plant that do not require much tending or cultivation.

PLANT PROVIDERS

www.sacredsucculents.com (B) (G) (M) (Tr) (V) (W)

Ben Kamm’s collection of useful species includes much more than succulent genera, including California natives, Chilean species, wild food plants, and many little-known or hard to find medicinal plants. Many offerings are available nowhere else. Most have provenance data, describing where they were collected, ecotype, uses, etc. An excellent resource. Limited volume, most propagules are sold out early in the season.

www.centuryfarmorchards.com (A) (O)

Century Farm Orchards is a small commercial nursery dedicated to preserving and disseminating the apple collection of Lee Calhoun, who spent decades locating old apples of the American South. They are the only commercial source for many of these varieties. Not all varieties are propagated for sale every year, so it is advisable to contact them to place orders early. Their web site has excellent descriptions of these apples, their origins, flavors, keeping qualities etc.

www.ars.usda.gov (A) (O)

The National Agricultural Research Service is a department of the USDA. The center at Geneva, New York is associated with Cornell University, and is the repository of the nations collections of apple, grape, and tart cherry varieties. Nearly 7000 apples are maintained here, and are used in breeding programs. Small amounts of dormant budwood are available for many varieties. An important global resource.

www.tropicalfruitforum.com (M) (Tp)

This chat board is one of the best resources for anyone interested in growing tropical or subtropical fruit. Its worldwide membership includes plant breeders, backyard growers, commercial orchardists etc. They have an exchange page where members can buy, sell and trade from their collections. There are many varieties and species held among the membership that are not available from commercial sources.

www.colecionandofrutas.org (M) (Tp)

This is the website of Helton Josue, a Brazilian scientist whose passion for preserving the wild food plants of his region of Brazil has led him to collect and share a wide range of species that are unavailable elsewhere, several are species new to science and have not been formally described. He makes small lots of seed available as they ripen.

www.ecoseeds.com (M) (V) (W)

This is the website of the Redwood City Seed Company, one of the original heirloom seed sellers. Since 1972 Craig and Sue Dremenn have introduced hundreds of valuable varieties of garden vegetables to American gardeners.

www.jlhudsonseeds.net (B) (M) (Tr) (W)

Founded in 1911, J.L. Hudson, Seedsman has for over the last 30 years been operated by David Theodoropolos and Sherri Calkins who are committed to the motto “Preservation through dissemination” Their catalog is always a fascinating read, describing the history, biology, ethnobotany, chemistry etc. for many of the hundreds of species offered. A pioneering company, worthy of support.

www.4everseeds.com (M) (V) (W)

Source of heirloom seeds, wild food seeds, and dye plant seeds. They also market a hand operated oilseed press.

www.tomatofest.com (V)

Offers over 600 varieties of heirloom tomatoes.

www.seedsavers.org (M) (V) (W)

Founded in 1975 by Kent Whealy and his family to share some of his own family’s heirloom garden seeds, SSE has grown into the largest grassroots seed preservation organization in the country. Access is by membership. They maintain a demonstration farm in Decorah Iowa and in addition to several thousand varieties of vegetables, they also have a Heritage Orchard of some 400 regional apple varieties, and 360 varieties of grape varieties from the famous grape breeder Elmer Swenson.

www.sandhillpreservation.com (V)

A real family farm, the Sandhill Preservation Center maintains hundreds of vegetable and grain varieties, as well as poultry breeds. They also have an extensive collection of sweet potato varieties and will share their techniques for successfully growing them in colder northern climates.

www.oikostreecrops.com (Tr) (W)

Sells seedlings of many temperate zone food forest species. has a particularly good selection of oaks, both timber and acorn types.

www.lawyernursery.com (M) (Tr) (W)

Wholesale nursery offering tree and shrubs seedlings and bulk seed of many common species to forestry projects and revegetation projects. Also fruit tree rootstocks in bulk and at good prices.

www.ediblelandscaping.com (M) (O) (Tr) (V) (W)

Good varietal selection of many standard and unusual food perennials.

www.bonitafruittrees.com (O) (Tp)

Extensive collection of subtropical and deciduous fruit trees.

www.rollingrivernursery.com (O) (Tr)

Fruit and nut tree nursery.

www.brokawnursery.com (Tp)

Main producer of avocado, citrus and subtropical fruit trees for commercial California groves.

www.frankiesnursery.com (Tp)

Source of many rare tropical fruit tree species. Based in Hawaii but ships in bulk to Excalibur Nursery in Florida.

www.dnagardens.com (V) (W)

Canadian nursery that is the licensed propagator for the new “Ben” series of black currants.

www.saltspringseeds.com (V)

Canadian vegetable seed supplier.

www.garlandtruffles.com (Tr)

Nursery specializing in the production of trees inoculated with the endomycorrhizal fungi producing black and white truffles. The mycelia web in forest ecosystems is an important design element in evolving a food forest, as many tree species are benefitted by mycorrhizal association with certain fungal symbionts.

www.filareefarm.com (G) (V)

Seed garlic and potatoes.

www.hoodrivergarlic.com & www.thegarlicstore.com & www.greenmountaingarlic.com (G)

Seed garlic providers.

www.garlicfarm.ca & www.rasacreekfarm.com & www.snoetic.ca (G)

Canadian source of seed garlic.

www.richters.com (M) (V)

Canadian company offering medicinal plants and culinary herbs, either live plants or seeds. An excellent resource for the herb garden.

www.companionplants.com (M) (W)

Herbs, medicinals, culinary and dye plants and seeds.

www.yerbabuenanursery.com (B) (M) (W)

A significant percent of California native plants were used medicinally and this provider specializes in them and supplies information on traditional medicinal usage.

www.catoctinginseng.com (M)

Nursery supplying ginseng rootlets for planting as well as bloodroot.

www.rareplantnursery.net (M) (V)

Herb and garden plant nursery. A few vegetable and fruit plants as well.

www.healingspiritplants.com (M)

California-based collection of medicinal plants. They list many rare species not widely available.

www.maggiesherbfarm.com (M)

Florida-based nursery offering many uncommon subtropical herbs.

www.plantdelights.com (M) (W)

Texas nursery offering a wide variety of unusual plants including medicinal, food, bee pasture etc.

www.arneherbs.co.uk (M) (W)

UK source for over 900 herbs and wildflowers. Unknown if they ship outside the UK.

www.milkandhoneyherbs.com (M)

Massachusetts nursery dedicated to the reservation of at-risk medicinal plants.

www.blueheronherbary.com (M)

Oregon nursery with a range of culinary and medicinal herbs.

www.mountaingardensherbs.com (M) (W)

Herbalists that offer workshops in Chinese herb cultivation, harvesting, processing and use. Grow a wide range of TCM herbs offered as seed and plants. Have a number of herbs unavailable elsewhere in North America.Also offers wild food plant of both the eastern U.S and a collection od ‘sansai’ – traditional wild mountain vegetables of Japan.

www.blackfootnativeplants.com (M) (W)

Montana nursery specializing in plants native to the bioregion including wild food and medicinal species.

www.silverhillseeds.co.za (B) (M) (W)

Seed company in South Africa offering a wide range of S.A natives including wild food and medicinal species. Seed is mainly collected from wild stands. Valuable source of some species unavailable outside Africa.

www.hawaiiantropicalplants.com (M) (Tp)

This Hawaiian nursery has some rare tropical medicinals, including yoco and cultivars of kava.

www.treefrogfarm.com (M) (W)

Pacific Northwest natives nursery including medicinal and wild food species.

www.horizonherbs.com (M) (W)

Since 1985 Richo Cech and his family have been collection growing and using plants on their Oregon farm. They offer a wide range of vegetable, culinary and medicinal seeds, roots and tubers.

www.heritageflowerfarm.com (B) (M)

Wide range of perennials, some with medicinal properties although this may not be noted on the website.

www.forestfarm.com (M) (Tr) (W)

Large wholesale nursery of tree shrub and fruit tree stock.

www.rareplantresearch.com (B) (M) (W)

Offering a selection of mostly tender arid-zone species with a particularly good collection of Burseraceae.

www.richardlyonsnursery.com (Tp)

Nursery offering mainly subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs including some rarities.

www.msknursery.com (B) (M) (Tr) (W)

Wide selection of trees shrubs and perennial including some rarities.

www.nolinnursery.com (O) (Tr)

Nut trees, persimmons, and pawpaws.

www.wagonwheelorchard.com (A) (O)

Offering over 1,000 apple varieties as benchgrafts.

www.justfruitsandexotics.com (O) (W)

Good varietal selection of many unusual fruits.

www.kuffelcreek.com (A) (O)

California nursery offering low-chill apple varieties for mild winter climates.

www.sunscapes.net (B) (M) (W)

Colorado nursery offering mostly drought tolerant perennials.

www.rareseeds.com (V)

Baker Creek Seeds is an heirloom vegetable seed company offering a wide range of varieties.

www.sustainableseedco.com (V)

California heirloom seed company offering organic seed for over 1600 varieties of vegetable,grain, herb and cover crop seed.

www.victoryseeds.com (V)

Heirloom vegetable, herb, grain seeds.

www.seedsofchange.com (M) (V)

Offering vegetable, herb and flower seed.

www.johnnyseeds.com (V)

Maine company offering short-season and greenhouse adapted vegetable seed and berry plants. www.kitazawaseed.com (V)

Seed company offering a wide range of Asian vegetables, especially leafy greens. Lists species that are difficult to find elsewhere; pickling melon, water pepper, perilla, water dropwort, etc.

www.vermontbean.com (V) (G)

Seed company offering heirloom and open-pollinated vegetable seed, garlic and berry plants.

www.noursefarms.com (V) (O)

Since 1932, Nourse farms has been a supplier of cane berry, strawberry, rhubarb and asparagus plants.

www.agroforestry.co.uk (M) (W)

UK based company offering an extensive range of edible and medicinal temperate trees shrubs and perennials.

www.badgersett.com (Tr) (W)

Minnesota nursery and private research organization developing nut trees. Offering chestnuts hazels, hickories and pecans. Bred especially to withstand colder climates.

www.csr-inc.com (M) (W)

Conservation Seeding and Restoration Inc. is a seed company and nursery offering seed mixes and native plant revegetation services for the mountain west. Their species list includes wild food plants and medicinal species.

www.permaculturenursery.com (M) (W)

Offering some unusual edible perennials, including Phaseolus polystachyos, a perennial bean species.

www.onegreenworld.com (M) (O) (W)

Wide selection of edible species for temperate climates.

www.nativeseeds.org (V)

Gary Nabham’s pioneering organization dedicated to preserving the food plants of Native American cultures in the Sonoran Desert region.

www.treesofantiquity.com (O)

Fruit tree nursery specializing in heirloom fruit varieties.

www.tierramadrefarm.com (A) (O)

Offers a wide range of temperate fruit trees. Has a particularly nice collection of of European pear varieties.

www.oldvaapples.com (A) (O)

Fruit tree nursery with a focus on the heritage apples of Virginia. Many unique varieties.

www.arboreumco.com (A) (O)

California nursery offering many rare and heirloom fruit varieties. One of the only sources of improved cultivars of tecojote (Crataegus mexicana).

www.montosogardens.com (Tp)

Located in Puerto Rico, Montoso Gardens supplies many rare tropical fruit trees and seeds from their collection.

www.organicfarm.net (Tp)

Also in Puerto Rico, Sadhu Govardhan has an extensive collection of tropical fruit and food trees. He sell seeds and plants.

www.going-bananas.com (Tp)

One of the largest collection of banana varieties available for sale. Rooted corms or tissue culture.

www.floridahillnursery.com (M) (Tp)

Located in Orlando Florida, they have an extensive collection of banana and pineapple varieties reproduced via tissue culture. Also other tropical ornamentals and gingers.

www.excaliburfruittrees.com (Tp)

Florida nursery offering a wide selection of tropical and subtropical fruiting plants. Has a good selection of jackfruit varieties.

www.desertsurvivors.org (M) (W)

Southern Arizona native plant nursery. Lists some rare desert edible and medicinal species.

www.crimson-sage.com (M)

Medicinal herb nursery.

www.australianplants.com (Bb) (W)

Located in Southern California, they offer a range of hard-to-find Australian and South African species for xeriscaping and mediterranean gardens.

www.bamboogarden.com (Bb) (W)

Oregon nursery specializing in bamboo.

www.bamboodirect.com (Bb) (W)

Oregon nursery specializing in bamboo.

www.bamboosourcery.com (Bb) (W)

California nursery specializing in bamboo.

www.walkeravenuenursery.com (Bb) (M) (W)

California nursery specializing in aquatic and bog plants including many edible and medicinal species.

www.raintreenursery.com (Bb) (M) (Tr) (V)

Located in Morton Washington, they offer fruit trees, nut trees, berries, vines, citrus, subtropicals, rootstocks, mushrooms and ornamentals.www.burntridgenursery.com (Bb) (Tr)

Located in the foothills of the Cascade mountains. Specialize in unusual and disease resistant trees, vines, and shrubs that produce edible nuts or fruits. Has Northwest native plants and ornamental and useful landscape trees.

SUMMARY

Through applied permaculture principles and proper stewardship it is possible to turn almost any piece of land into an abundant and thriving forest of food. As part of One Community’s Highest Good of All philosophy, and open source botanical garden model, we will be open source sharing our afforestation/reforestation experience as we create our food forest on the One Community property. This process will continue indefinitely and we will keep on-going records of this transformation through detailed notes and time-lapse videos (covering years of development) that we will add to this page as they are completed.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Q: How do you intend to evolve this page?

Part of One Community’s Highest Good of All philosophy is open source sharing the complete details of what is possible with a food forest. Through our open source botanical garden model we will accession all plants on the property and entering the property and then keep detailed records of:

Planting guidelines for each plant
Cultural considerations for each plant
Which plants do best in each of the different zones
Harvest numbers and details on how to improve harvest volume
The visual transformation of the property using carefully planned and maintained time-lapse photography

All of these details will be added and updated on this page indefinitely along with answers to questions raised by visitors to the property and this site.

Q: What if I have a suggestion for that I feel would be valuable to add to this page?

Please submit it to us using our Suggestions Page. There are also always positions open to join our team as either a Consultant or Pioneer.

Q: Why are all the names listed in latin?

Latin names are used first because they are universally accepted with common names following in parenthesis.